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\pard \hyphpar0 
{\plain \lang1036 Exploring Ways of Marking Time\par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain \tab Cyclical Time\par
}{\plain \tab \tab The Earth Spiral\par
}{\plain \tab \tab \tab The Seasons, A Life, Astronomical Time (the Maya Counts, Stonehenge)\par
}{\plain \tab \tab Dreamtime: Origins and Meanings\par
}\pard \li2160\hyphpar0 
{\plain The Dreaming has different meanings for different Aboriginal Australian 
groups.  The Dreaming can be seen as an embodiment of Aboriginal 
creation which gives meaning to everything. It  establishes the rules 
governing relationships between the people, the land and all things for 
Aboriginal people. \par
}\pard \hyphpar0 
{\plain \tab \tab The Role of Oral Tradition\par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain \tab Linear Time\par
}{\plain \tab \tab Chronicle, Heroic Exploits, and the Right to Rule\par
}{\plain \tab \tab The Role of Writing\par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain \tab The Interesting Position of the Dialectic\par
}{\plain \tab \tab Cancel old ways, Preserve some things from that time, Transcend to a new state\par
}{\plain \tab \tab Studying Continuity, Transformation, and Change: Core Pursuit of Anthropology\par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain A Contemporary Example: 19}{\plain \super th}{\plain  Century Tradition gives way to early 20}{\plain \super th}{\plain  Century Modern, then 
late 20}{\plain \super th}{\plain  Century Post-Modern\par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain Tradition\par
}\pard \fi-720\li1440\hyphpar0 
{\plain belief, values, way of life: \'93the passing down of elements of a culture from generation to 
generation, especially by oral communication.\'94\par
}\pard \hyphpar0 
{\plain \tab harmony with the past\par
}{\plain \tab tightly knit community and family\par
}{\plain \tab Merriam-Webster Dictionary:\par
}{\plain                    1 : an inherited, established, or customary pattern of thought, action, or\par
}{\plain                    behavior (as a religious practice or a social custom)\par
}{\plain                    2 : the handing down of information, beliefs, and customs by word of\par
}{\plain                    mouth or by example from one generation to another without written\par
}{\plain                    instruction\par
}{\plain                    3 : cultural continuity in social attitudes, customs, and institutions\par
}{\plain                    4 : characteristic manner, method, or style\par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain Modern\par
}{\plain \tab a 20}{\plain \super th}{\plain  century idea, although its roots are in the Industrial Revolution\par
}{\plain \tab related to the idea of }{\plain \i progress}{\plain \par
}{\plain \tab \tab  (which can be traced back at least 2000 years to Classical times)\par
}{\plain \tab goal oriented and developmental (\'91underdevelopment\'92)\par
}\pard \fi-720\li1440\hyphpar0 
{\plain based on transformations in mechanization and factory production (hence }{\plain \i Fordism}{\plain ) and 
changes in society (e.g., gender and family changes)\par
}\pard \hyphpar0 
{\plain \tab shift from primarily production to primarily consumption begins for early industrial nations\par
}{\plain \tab alienation from work (make only a component not the total product)\par
}{\plain \tab alienation from family and place\par
}{\plain \tab increasing mobility\par
}{\plain \tab increasing diversity of personal experience\par
}{\plain \tab increasing social problems\par
}{\plain \tab decreasing health\par
}{\plain \tab loss of traditional identities and the search for new ones in a changed world\par
}{\plain \tab increased independence but also responsibility\par
}{\plain \tab Merriam-Webster:\par
}{\plain                    1 a : of, relating to, or characteristic of the present or the immediate\par
}\pard \fi-720\li1440\hyphpar0 
{\plain           past : CONTEMPORARY b : of, relating to, or characteristic of a period  
extending from a relevant remote past to the present time\par
}\pard \hyphpar0 
{\plain                    2 : involving recent techniques, methods, or ideas : UP_TO_DATE\par
}{\plain                    3 capitalized : of, relating to, or having the characteristics of the\par
}{\plain                    present or most recent period of development of a language\par
}{\plain                    4 : of or relating to modernism : MODERNIST\par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain Post-Modern\par
}{\plain \tab critique of economic and social conditions brought on by industrialization\par
}{\plain \tab attempt at a return to elements of tradition\par
}{\plain \tab rebellion against unchecked capitalism\par
}\pard \fi-720\li1440\hyphpar0 
{\plain stress on the individual increases and greater need for escape (addiction, religious fervor)\par
}\pard \hyphpar0 
{\plain \tab Merriam-Webster:\par
}{\plain                    : of, relating to, or being any of several movements (as in art,\par
}{\plain                    architecture, or literature) that are reactions against the philosophy and\par
}{\plain                    practices of modern movements and are typically marked by revival of\par
}{\plain                    traditional elements and techniques\par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain But Hasn\'92t This Happened Before?\par
}{\plain \tab The Roman Conquest of the Peoples of NW Europe\par
}\pard \fi-720\li1440\hyphpar0 
{\plain \tab Hesiod, in Operae et Dies (Works and Days), bemoans how things are falling 
apart, wishes to return to a truer, simpler time (this is called the Primitivist 
tradition in Classical scholarship)\par
}\pard \li1440\hyphpar0 
{\plain Ammianus and other writers admire Progress and glorify Roman achievements 
against the Barbarian tribes (Positivist Tradition in Classical scholarship)\par
}\pard \hyphpar0 
{\plain \par
}{\plain \tab Jihad vs. McWorld\par
}\pard \fi-720\li2160\hyphpar0 
{\plain Fundamentalists (both Christian and Muslim) decry the debasement of the 
\'91modern\'92 world\par
}\pard \fi-720\li2160\hyphpar0 
{\plain Just as Modernization did, Globalization sweeps away traditions that knit societies 
together, standardizes what we eat, drive, wear\'97and eventually\'96think.\par
}\pard \hyphpar0 
{\plain \par
}{\plain \par
}}