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\pard 
{\plain \b\fs28 UNDERSTANDING THE GHOST DANCE: \par
}\pard 
{\plain \b\fs28 PRAYER FOR AN NEW WAY}{\plain \par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain                                \'93I did not know then how much was ended.\par
}{\plain                                When I look back now from this high hill of my\par
}{\plain                                old age, I can still see the butchered women and\par
}{\plain                                children lying heaped and scattered along the\par
}{\plain                                crooked gulch as plain as when I saw them with\par
}{\plain                                eyes still young. And I can see that something\par
}{\plain                                else died there in the bloody mud, and was\par
}{\plain                                buried in the blizzard. A people\'92s dream died\par
}{\plain                                there. It was a beautiful dream...\par
}{\plain                                The nation\'92s hoop is broken and scattered. There\par
}{\plain                                is no center any longer, and the sacred tree is\par
}{\plain                                dead.\'94\par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain                                                                  Black Elk \par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain \b Ghost Dance Websites:}{\plain \par
}{\plain Visit these websites to understand Wovoka, the meaning and the time line of the Ghost Dance, 
the massacre at Wounded Knee, Lost Bird, and more.  You will be responsible for a general 
understanding of these events and this period in American history.\par
}{\plain \par
}{\field{\*\fldinst  HYPERLINK "http://php.indiana.edu/~tkavanag/visual5.html" }{\fldrslt{{\*\cs2\ul\cf2 http://php.indiana.edu/~tkavanag/visual5.html}}}}{\plain }{\plain    \par
}{\plain James Mooney\'92s Account and Photographs\par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain http://msnbc.com/onair/msnbc/TimeAndAgain/archive/wknee/ghost.asp?cp1=1 \par
}{\plain Connecting the Events of 1890 and 1973\par
}{\plain \par
}{\field{\*\fldinst  HYPERLINK "http://www.150.si.edu/150trav/remember/r519.htm" }{\fldrslt{{\*\cs2\ul\cf2 http://www.150.si.edu/150trav/remember/r519.htm}}}}{\plain }{\plain   \par
}{\plain Ghost Shirt, National Museum of the American Indian\par
}{\plain \par
}{\field{\*\fldinst  HYPERLINK "http://www.dickshovel.com/wkup.html" }{\fldrslt{{\*\cs2\ul\cf2 http://www.dickshovel.com/wkup.html}}}}{\plain }{\plain    \par
}{\plain Chronology of Events before Wounded Knee Massacre\par
}{\plain \par
}{\field{\*\fldinst  HYPERLINK "http://www.sdpb.org/tv/oto/lostbird/" }{\fldrslt{{\*\cs2\ul\cf2 http://www.sdpb.org/tv/oto/lostbird/}}}}{\plain }{\plain  \par
}{\plain Story of Lost Bird\par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain \b\lang1036 \par
}\page 
\pard \fi-720\li720 
{\plain \b Religion: }{\plain \par
}\pard \fi-720\li1440 
{\plain A collection of rituals, organized to reflect a cosmology, that mobilizes supernatural 
powers for the purpose of achieving or preventing transformations of 
circumstances.\par
}\pard \fi-720\li1440 
{\plain \'93A set of symbolic forms and acts which relate humans to the ultimate conditions of their 
existence.\'94\par
}\pard 
{\plain \par
}{\plain \b Role of Religion:}{\plain \par
}\sect \sectd \sbknone\headery1440\footery1440\endnhere\endnhere 
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{\pntext\pard \'95\tab}
\pard \s1\fi-720\li720\tx720 {\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnstart1\pnindent1\pnhang{\pntxta \'95}}

{\plain reduces anxiety by explaining the unknown\par
}{\pntext\pard \'95\tab}
\pard \s1\fi-720\li720\tx720 {\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnstart1\pnindent1\pnhang{\pntxta \'95}}

{\plain provides comfort by assuring supernatural aid\par
}{\pntext\pard \'95\tab}
\pard \s1\fi-720\li720\tx720 {\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnstart1\pnindent1\pnhang{\pntxta \'95}}

{\plain provides a framework of right and wrong\par
}{\pntext\pard \'95\tab}
\pard \s1\fi-720\li720\tx720 {\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnstart1\pnindent1\pnhang{\pntxta \'95}}

{\plain sets standards for acceptable behavior\par
}{\pntext\pard \'95\tab}
\pard \s1\fi-720\li720\tx720 {\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnstart1\pnindent1\pnhang{\pntxta \'95}}

{\plain shifts burden of decision making from individuals to supernatural powers\par
}{\pntext\pard \'95\tab}
\pard \s1\fi-720\li720\tx720 {\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnstart1\pnindent1\pnhang{\pntxta \'95}}

{\plain helps maintain social solidarity\par
}\pard {\*\pn \pnlvlcont}
{\plain \par
}{\plain \b Belief:}{\plain \tab Personal cosmology, symbolic behavior, and guiding principles.\par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain \b Ritual:}{\plain  Standardized activities that honor and influence deity.\par
}{\plain \par
}\pard \fi0\li1440 {\*\pn \pnlvlcont}
{\plain }{\plain \b Ritual Specialists:}{\plain  Those who perform religious activities (performances, gifts) on behalf of a 
group.\par
}\pard {\*\pn \pnlvlcont}
{\plain \par
}\pard \fi0\li1440 {\*\pn \pnlvlcont}
{\plain }{\plain \b Revitalization Movement:}{\plain  deliberate, conscious organized efforts by members of a society to 
create a more satisfying culture.\par
}{\pntext\pard \'95\tab}
\pard \s1\fi-720\li720\tx720 {\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnstart1\pnindent1\pnhang{\pntxta \'95}}

{\plain a remembered time of calm and prosperity\par
}{\pntext\pard \'95\tab}
\pard \s1\fi-720\li720\tx720 {\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnstart1\pnindent1\pnhang{\pntxta \'95}}

{\plain a period of collective stress, followed by\par
}{\pntext\pard \'95\tab}
\pard \s1\fi-720\li720\tx720 {\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnstart1\pnindent1\pnhang{\pntxta \'95}}

{\plain a period of revitalization and transformation, leading to \par
}{\pntext\pard \'95\tab}
\pard \s1\fi-720\li720\tx720 {\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnstart1\pnindent1\pnhang{\pntxta \'95}}

{\plain a new understanding and accommodation of conditions\par
}\pard {\*\pn \pnlvlcont}
{\plain \par
}{\plain \b Characteristics of Revitalization Movements:}{\plain \par
}{\pntext\pard \'95\tab}
\pard \s1\fi-720\li720\tx720 {\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnstart1\pnindent1\pnhang{\pntxta \'95}}

{\plain }{\plain \b hopelessness}{\plain , a dire circumstance and degraded conditions, no recourse to ordinary 
channels (ex: legal, social)\par
}{\pntext\pard \'95\tab}
\pard \s1\fi-720\li720\tx720 {\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnstart1\pnindent1\pnhang{\pntxta \'95}}

{\plain }{\plain \b charismatic leader}{\plain  (in contact with supernatural forces) who has a vision through an\par
}{\pntext\pard \'95\tab}
\pard \s1\fi-720\li720\tx720 {\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnstart1\pnindent1\pnhang{\pntxta \'95}}

{\plain }{\plain \b altered state of consciousness}{\plain  (trance through stimulants, fatigue, etc)\par
}{\pntext\pard \'95\tab}
\pard \s1\fi-720\li720\tx720 {\*\pn \pnlvlblt\pnstart1\pnindent1\pnhang{\pntxta \'95}}

{\plain }{\plain \b mazeway reformulation}{\plain  (\'93born again\'94 experience, see the world with new eyes)\par
}\pard {\*\pn \pnlvlcont}
{\plain \par
}{\plain \b Syncretism:}{\plain  the blending of indigenous and foreign traits to form a new system.\par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain \b Other Historic Revitalization Movements}{\plain \par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain \b Judaism}{\plain  was created during the Exodus crisis when the Jews had to form their society anew 
after the flight form Egypt and Moses brought down the new vision from the mountain in the 
form of the ten commandments.\par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain \b Christianity}{\plain  evolved in the context of Roman oppression of the Jews, with Christ as the 
charismatic leader who reformulated Judaism into the Christian philosophy.\par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain \b Islam }{\plain was formulated by Mohammed with elements from Judaism, Christianity, and the older 
pantheistic religion of the Arabian peninsula (represented by the sacred site of the Kabba).\par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain \b Buddhism}{\plain  was formulated out of Hinduism by the charismatic leader, the Buddha.\par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain People with different mazeways can find it almost impossible to communicate, so }{\plain \b violent 
intercultural conflict}{\plain  is often a feature of revitalization movements and emerging religions.\par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain \b Contemporary Revitalization Movements}{\plain \par
}{\plain keeping in mind the lecture on tradition/modern/postmodern, read }{\plain \ul Jihad vs. McWorld}{\plain  in this 
context.\par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain \par
}{\plain \tab \par
}{\plain \b\lang1036 The Role of Stress}{\plain \lang1036 \par
}{\plain \tab at individual level (manifestations, underlying causes)\par
}\pard \fi-720\li3600\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600 {\*\pn \pnlvlcont}
{\plain \tab at group/societal level, \tab when way of seeing the world \'93mazeway\'94 (system of economics, 
values, etc) falters due to \par
}\pard {\*\pn \pnlvlcont}
{\plain \tab \tab \tab marginalization from larger society \par
}{\plain \tab \tab \tab severe privation (food, shelter, etc)\par
}{\plain \tab \tab \tab loss of hope for more mundane solution to problems\par
}{\plain \tab \tab \tab leads to family dysfunction and societal dysfunction\par
}{\plain \tab forms of resistance \'91weapons of the weak\'92 such as work slowdowns, \'91mistakes\'92\par
}{\plain \tab larger society\'92s response:\par
}\pard \fi0\li2880 {\*\pn \pnlvlcont}
{\plain voluntary or forced acculturation (taking up characteristics of mainstream society)\par
}\pard {\*\pn \pnlvlcont}
{\plain \tab \tab assimilation (indistinguishability from larger society)\par
}{\plain \tab \tab annhiliation (complete eradication of group) also: \'91ethnic cleansing\'92\tab \pard {\*\pn \pnlvlcont}
}}